Northern NJ is known for its harsh cold winters, and furnace heaters are a go-to solution for keeping your home warm, comfortable, and energy-efficient without breaking the bank. But what happens when your furnace stops working? How do you maintain it to extend its lifespan? What are some common issues to be aware of? And, what’s the difference between a furnace and a boiler? Let’s dive into these questions to help you get the most out of your furnace.
First, What’s the Difference Between a Furnace and a Boiler?
In simple terms, furnaces heat air. They circulate air through a centralized heat exchanger, then distribute the warm air through ducts to the rooms via floor or wall registers, or ceiling diffusers. Boilers, on the other hand, heat water. The hot water is circulated throughout the house, warming up radiators, which then radiate heat to maintain comfortable room temperatures.
A common question is, “Which is better—a furnace or a boiler?” The answer depends on various factors, including installation and maintenance, which play a significant role in their performance.
What Are Common Gas Furnace Failures?
When you think of gas furnaces, you might also think of the term "Sequence of Operations," highlighting the complex system of parts involved. Over time, these various components can wear out, and if left untreated, they may fail. Some of the most common issues homeowners face with gas furnaces include:
Ignition or Pilot Problems
- If your furnace isn’t starting, it could be due to a faulty ignitor or, in older models, a malfunctioning pilot light.
- Signs: No heat, clicking sounds, or a furnace that cycles on and off quickly.
Flame Sensor Issues
- A flame sensor is a safety device to stop the gas in case of ignition issue. Flame sensors will wear out over time.
- Signs: The system will not fully start.
Clogged Filters
- This is categorized as an airflow issue. A dirty filter can restrict airflow. In such a case, the system may overheat and shut down as a safety precaution.
- Signs: The heater starts for a few minutes and then stops.
Blower Motor Failure
- Another airflow problem. The blower motor pushes air through the ducts. If it’s faulty, heat builds up near the heat exchanger, causing the limit switch to shut the system down for safety.
- Signs: The system starts but quickly cycles off after a few minutes.
Thermostat Issues
- Many thermostats are NOT installed in the correct location, or older models may be improperly calibrated, leading to inconsistent temperatures.
- Fix: Check your thermostat settings and recalibrate if necessary.
Limit Switch
- The limit switch prevents the furnace from overheating and potentially causing a fire. While they rarely break, limit switches often indicate larger problems when they shut down the system by opening the electrical circuit.
Roll-Out Flame Switch
- The roll-out flame switch is designed to detect flames in improper locations. When triggered, it opens the electrical circuit, stopping the system. This often points to a cracked heat exchanger—a dangerous situation. Be sure to have a carbon monoxide detector installed, as carbon monoxide is an odorless and invisible gas.
While replacing a clogged filter might be a potential DIY task, the other issues require diagnosis and repair by a trained technician to ensure the system is operating safely—especially in terms of carbon monoxide hazards.
Energy Source for Furnaces here in Northern NJ
There are several types of energy to power furnaces. Here in Northern NJ, the most common is Natural Gas about 82%, then Oil 12%, electric and Propane about 5%. What is the most cost effective solution for your home or business? Given the towns requirements, that is debatable and it is to be studied on case by case.
Natural Gas
- Most common Always available, no need for tanks or refills. 1 cubic foot (ft³) of natural gas produces 1,050 BTUs
- From maintenance and repair point of view it seems like parts are readliy available.
Electric
- A good option if Natural gas or Oil isn’t available.
- Electric furnaces are cheaper upfront, no maintenance, no moving parts Cost of energy is very expensive. Maybe good for weekends hideout residence.
Oil Furnaces
- Used in colder regions where natural gas is not available.
- While 1 cubic foot (ft³) of natural gas produces 1,050 BTUs, 1 gallon of heating oil provides significantly more heat, making it a denser fuel source. Oil Furnaces are much more efficient but requires regular maintenance (e.g., oil filter replacements).
Propane
- Rural areas often use propane as it’s portable and doesn’t require access to a natural gas line. 1 cubic foot (ft³) of propane produces 2500 BTUs of heat.
- Like oil, it needs regular fuel deliveries.
Furnace Maintenance Items
Many believe that Heating Systems Fall Tune-up is optional and end up neglecting it all together. Maintaining your furnace is required by manufactures for warranties in addition it will ensure the system runs efficiently and extends its lifespan significantly. Here are the top maintenance tasks for gas furnaces in Northern NJ:
Replace Air Filters: Depending on use and air quality.
Check the Thermostat: For older thermostat, ensure it’s functioning properly and set at the right temperature.
Inspect Ducts and Vents: Make sure nothing is blocking airflow - happens frequently.
Annual Professional Tune-Up: Have a professional inspect your furnace once a year is highly recommended. Technicians have the trained eyes and the tools to find problems before they happen.
What Is the Life Expectancy of a Furnace?
Unmaintained furnaces typically last 10 to 15 years depending on usage, mantained furnaces last 15 to 25 years.
What to Check If Your Furnace Goes Out?
If your furnace suddenly stops working, here's a checklist of things to inspect:
- Check for power: Make sure the furnace hasn’t tripped the breaker and / or the safety switch is set to the ON position.
- Check the air filter: A clogged filter can prevent the furnace from functioning.
- Check the thermostat: Is it OFF? check the batteries. Is it set to the correct temperature?
- Look for pilot light issues: If you have a gas furnace, ensure the pilot light is lit.
- Fuel: Check that your supply gas is not disrupted or Oil Tank is not empty. If you have a gas furnace, ensure the pilot light is lit.
What Is the Most Expensive Part to Fix on a Furnace?
The most expensive part to replace or repair is typically the heat exchanger. This part is crucial because it transfers heat from the combustion chamber to the air circulating through your home. A cracked heat exchanger is not serious danger to the homeowner and could lead to death. If your heat exchanger is cracked or damaged, repairs can cost anywhere from $1,500 to $3,500, depending on your furnace model and labor costs.